One of the important Attributes of Allāh, The Magnificent in His Majesty, is “Al-Ṣamad”.  Similar to water which fills the entire ocean; or air, light, or warmth which fill the entire space, the “Essence (ذات)” of Allāh, the Exalted, fills up all worlds, and all galaxies. For the first few examples there is boundary and limitation.  But the last example is free of any periphery.  This is one of the meanings of al-Ṣamad.  How can possibly be any equal for One who is al-Ṣamad, i.e. fills all possible corners of existence?  There will be nothing left for the rule of a partner.

Allāh’s dominance has no boundary or limit.  To make a simple example, you can find many countries and rulers on this earth, just because each one of them is limited to its boundary.  Imagine a country without any boundary on this earth.  Is there any room left for the existence of another country, and ruler?  This is why the Glorious Qur’an emphasizes on the Oneness of Allāh, in many different ways, very frequently.

Another meaning of al-Ṣamad is fullness; not being hollow, or having a cavity.  It stands for indiscrete, i.e. continuous, indiscernible, comprehensive and contiguous.  Nothing can be parted from it, and nothing can be added to it.  Therefore, Allāh, the Ṣamad, is One contiguous, comprehensive Being that solely dominates the entire creation, forever.  This meaning of al-Ṣamad also points to the fact that nothing is parted from Allāh as an offspring. He is One and remains One single Being, undivided.  Another meaning of al-Ṣamad is “needless”.  Allāh is Self-Sufficient, and does not need anything, particularly a partner.  He introduces Himself with many attributes that point to His needlessness, one of which is al-Ṣamad.

 Another meaning of al-Ṣamad is “Full”.  Consider how many created beings in all worlds, throughout millions of years have been, and will be fed, and provided for, by Allāh, the Ṣamad.  This is incredible!  He has unlimited supply of foodstuff, minerals, water, land, energy, air, light, knowledge, mercy and so forth, to last forever:

They [the Hypocrites] are the ones who say, “Do not spend on those who are with the Rasūl of Allah until they scatter off.”  However, to Allah belong the treasuries of the heavens and the earth, but the hypocrites do not understand.

Sūrah Al-Munāfiqūn (63) Āyah  7   

 Allāh has an “I.D. Card” in the Glorious Qur’an and that is the Sūrat  al-’Ikhlāṣ (also called al-Tawḥīd).  With the above-mentioned material, we can now understand the significance of this very short but important Surah:

Surah- 112

Al-’Ikhlāṣ (at-Tawḥīd) The Purity In Oneness Of Allāh (The Essence Of Monotheistic Conviction)

In The Name Of Allāh , The-Globally-Merciful-To-All (Ar-Raḥmān), The-Lovingly-Merciful-To-The-Pious (Ar-Raḥīm).

Say, “He, Allāh is ONE! 1 ۞

Allah is the Ṣamad[1] (All-embracing). 2۞

He neither begat, nor was begotten, 3 ۞

And no one is on a par with Him[2].” 4 ۞